Plant Cell: Has cell wall in addition to a cell membrane More rectangular in shape Typically larger vacuole Lysosomes are rare in plant cells Contains chloroplasts and chlorophyll Chloroplasts convert sun energy into chemical energy that is stored as food
 waynesword.palomar.edu |
Animal Cell: No cell wall, but contains cell membrane Circular in shape Smaller vacuole Many lysosomes Doesn't contain chloroplasts or chlorophyll Mitochandrias convert chemical energy stored in food into cellular power  stephsnature.com |
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Cell Organization: From least to most complex, the levels of organization in a multicellular organism are cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Many cells form tissues, or a group of similar cells that preforms a specific function. Since many tasks in the body are too complicated to be carried out by one tissue, many groups of tissues come together to form an organ. For example each muscle in a person is an individual organ, but in that muscle is muscle tissue, nervous tissue, and connective tissue that are essential in the function of that one muscle. In many cases an organ then completes a series of specialized tasks. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function. An example of this would be the stomach, pancreas, and intestines working together as the digestive system.  Cell Specialization: The cells of multicellular organisms have different cell types playing different roles. Some cells are specialized to move, react to the environment, or produce substances that the organism needs. All these cells contribute to homeostasis in an organism. One specialized animal cell lines the upper air passages in an animal's lungs. They work around the clock to clear mucus, debris, and bacteria out of an animals lungs. These millions of cells are filled with mitochandrias, which produce a steady supply of ATP that powers the cilia on their upper surfaces to keep the animal's lungs clean. One specialized plant cell is a pollen grain from a pine tree. Pollen grains are tiny and light, but they have tough walls that protect the cell on the inside. They also have two tiny wings that allow them to float on a slight breeze. Pine trees release millions of these that are essential to starting a new generation. This is how a pine tree is able to produce offspring with a pine tree hundreds of meters away.  (Pine pollen) faculty.baruch.cuny.edu |
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